Showing posts with label Homeric Ithaca. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Homeric Ithaca. Show all posts

Saturday, 22 November 2025

The center of Homeric (Mycenaean) Ithaca, as everything seems to indicate, is located in southeastern Cephalonia (Kefalonia) and the "talking stones" have now been found.

Aerial photograph of a section of the Mycenaean-period processional road that connected the settlement center with the city’s necropolis in the area of Riza, Tzannata (SE Cephalonia – Heraeum plain). Excavation by Dr. Antonis Vasilakis, Honorary Ephor of Antiquities, former Ephor of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities of Cephalonia, Ithaca, Zakynthos. Photo: Kostas Koklanos.

The evidence of Homeric topography as recorded in the Odyssey confirms that the center of Homeric Ithaca - as everything shows- located in SE Cephalonia and not on modern Ithaki, nor on Lefkada, nor on the Paliki peninsula, nor in any other part of Cephalonia, nor elsewhere.

The main reasons that led the ruling class of the Cephallenians in the Mycenaean period to choose SE Cephalonia as the administrative seat of their insular kingdom will be analyzed below.

Dedicated to all our fellow rowers, and especially to the memory of all those who “departed” along the way. Text & Copyright: Hettie Putman Cramer & Makis Metaxas


Introduction

The purpose of this post—regardless of what you may have read in our earlier writings on the topography of Homeric Ithaca—is to provide the reader with the opportunity to evaluate, with their own knowledge and judgment, those passages of the Homeric epics that record the geographical position of Homeric Ithaca in relation to its wider surroundings, and to agree or disagree with our position that the center of Homeric Ithaca lay in SE Cephalonia.

Let us therefore turn to the matter itself.

Suppose you have not yet formed an opinion about where the center of Homeric Ithaca was located in Mycenaean times; or perhaps you have not had the time to study Homer’s descriptions in detail; or perhaps you have read them and already formed your own view; or finally, you may be one of the many who are completely confused by the multitude of theories about Homeric Ithaca. And suppose someone were to ask you:

  • Where would you estimate—according to your own logic—that the center of Homeric Ithaca ought to have been located in the Mycenaean era? 
  • Should it have been on Lefkada? 
  • On modern Ithaki? 
  • On Cephalonia? And if so, where exactly—on its western side, in its center, along its southeastern shores, or in the north?

If you were one of these people, what answer would you give?

Wednesday, 26 September 2018

Searching for the exact location of "clearly-seen" Ithaca, the capital of Odysseus’ Mycenaean island kingdom in Western Greece.


Dedicated to our friends, Eric & Susanne Metaxas. 
Text & Copyright: Hettie Putman Cramer & Makis Metaxas


Introduction

The search for Homeric Ithaca and the controversy over whether it could be definitely identified with the Ithaki of historical times appears to date back to very early in the historical era. Of the ancient writers, Strabo (C 454) is the one who tells us most about the doubt in the minds of the geographers and historians of antiquity when he says:

«Ού γάρ ευκρινώς αποδίδωσιν ο ποιητής ούτε περί της Κεφαλληνίας ούτε περί της Ιθάκης και των άλλων πλησίον τόπων, ώστε και οι εξηγούμενοι διαφέρονται και οι ιστορούντες.»

" For the poet [sc. Homer] does not express himself clearly concerning either Kephallenia or Ithaca or the other places nearby, with the result that both commentators and historians disagree with one another ". 
.

Friday, 22 June 2018

Lifting the veil that covered "lost" Αsteris; the "ghost island" of Homeric topography.



Dedicated to our children Ody, Phillip and Anna
Text & Copyright: Hettie Putman Cramer & Makis Metaxas



ASTERIS, 
‘THE ISLAND OF THE SUITORS’

There is a rocky island in the middle of the sea, 
[midway between Ithaca and rugged Samos,]* 
called Asteris. It is of no great size, but it has safe harbours, one on each side; 
and there the Achaians set their ambush [for Telemachos] and lay in wait.   (Od. 4.844-847)

ἔστι δέ τις νῆσος μέσσῃ ἁλὶ πετρήεσσα,
[μεσσηγὺς Ἰθάκης τε Σάμοιό τε παιπαλοέσσης,]*
Ἀστερίς, οὐ μεγάλη· λιμένες δ᾽ ἔνι ναύλοχοι αὐτῇ
ἀμφίδυμοι· τῇ τόν γε μένον λοχόωντες Ἀχαιοί.        (Od. 4.844-847)

The quest for Homeric Ithaca usually starts with what is theoretically the thorniest problem of Homeric geography, which has to do with the existence and precise position of the islet of Asteris. It is the island where the suitors vying for the throne of Ithaca spent twenty-eight days lying in wait for Telemachos with the intention of killing him on his way back from Pylos.

Saturday, 20 January 2018

Το κέντρο της Ομηρικής (Μυκηναϊκής) Ιθάκης βρίσκεται στην Ν.Α Κεφαλληνία και οι "ομιλούσες πέτρες" έχουν πλέον βρεθεί.

Αεροφωτογραφία τμήματος πομπικής οδού της μυκηναϊκής εποχής που συνέδεε το οικιστικό κέντρο με την νεκρόπολη του άστεως στην περιοχή Ρίζα Τζαννάτων.( Ν.Α Κεφαλληνία -Ηράκλειο πεδίο). 
Ανασκαφή: αρχαιολόγος Δρ. Αντώνης Βασιλάκης Επίτιμος Έφορος Αρχαιοτήτων,  τ. Έφορος  Προϊστορικών και Κλασικών αρχαιοτήτων Κεφαλληνίας, Ιθάκης, Ζακύνθου.   Φωτογραφία: Κώστας Κόκλανος 


Τα αποδεικτικά στοιχεία της Ομηρικής τοπογραφίας έτσι όπως καταγράφονται στο έπος της Οδύσσειας που επιβεβαιώνουν ότι: το κέντρο της Ομηρικής Ιθάκης είναι στην Ν.Α Κεφαλληνία και δεν είναι, ούτε στο σημερινό νησί της Ιθάκης, ούτε στην Λευκάδα, ούτε στην χερσόνησο της Παλικής, ούτε σε κάποιο άλλο τμήμα της νήσου Κεφαλληνίας ή οπουδήποτε αλλού. 


Οι κύριοι λόγοι που οδήγησαν  την άρχουσα τάξη των Κεφαλλήνων κατά την μυκηναϊκή περίοδο να επιλέξουν την Ν.Α Κεφαλληνία ως έδρα διοίκησης του νησιωτικού τους βασιλείου.    


Αφιερωμένο σε όλους του συντρόφους μας κωπηλάτες και ιδιαιτέρως στην μνήμη όλων εκείνων που "έφυγαν" στην πορεία.
Text & Copyright: Hettie Putman Cramer & Makis Metaxas

Εισαγωγή:

Ο σκοπός αυτής της ανάρτησης - και ανεξάρτητα από τα όσα ενδεχομένως έχετε διαβάσει σε προγενέστερες αναρτήσεις μας για την τοπογραφία της Ομηρικής Ιθάκης - είναι να δώσει στον αναγνώστη την δυνατότητα να αξιολογήσει με τα δικά του γνωστικά εργαλεία και κρίση τα σημεία εκείνα των Ομηρικών επών που καταγράφουν την γεωγραφική θέση της Ομηρικής Ιθάκης σε σχέση με το ευρύτερο περιβάλλον της και να συμφωνήσει ή να διαφωνήσει με την θέση μας οτι το κέντρο της Ομηρικής Ιθάκης είναι στην Ν.Α Κεφαλληνία..